The principle of equality of claims in civil substantive law refers to the fact that multiple ordinary claims held by multiple creditors against the same debtor, regardless of their occurrence time, amount or creditor status, are all equal in terms of repayment status. This principle is simple, clear and definite.

At the crossroads of the business world, ESG has evolved from a "finishing touch" CSR slogan to a hard rule that determines the survival of enterprises.

On September 8, 2025, Xiaomi Corporation announced the handling of violations and disciplinary issues involving Wang Teng, an employee of its China region. It was found that he leaked the company's confidential information and engaged in serious violations and disciplinary offenses such as conflicts of interest.

With the in-depth advancement of the comprehensive registration-based reform in China's capital market, the market ecology is undergoing fundamental changes.

The common logical misunderstandings in the determination of indirect intent mainly lie in emphasizing cognitive elements while underestimating volitional elements, wrongly replacing volitional element determination with cognitive element determination, and wrongly equating the violation of the duty of care with indirect intent liability.

In many situations, it is highly necessary for company shareholders to file a "lawsuit for shareholders' right to know".